Table 1 CD4⁺ T cell proliferation in response to malaria antigens associated with protection from childhood malaria.

PY, person years of observation.

Incidence of clinical malaria through 24 months of age
% Pf SE-specific CFSE^low CD4⁺ T cells	n	Episodes	PY	Incidence	IRR (95% CI)	P value
Low (<15%)	11	16	21.0	0.76	Reference
Intermediate (15 to 30%)	35	36	62.5	0.58	0.79 (0.30–2.06)	0.63
High (≥30%)	27	10	48.3	0.21	0.28 (0.09–0.84)	0.02
Time to first episode of malaria after birth
	n	Cumulative risk (95% CI)			HR (95% CI)	P value
Low (<15%)	11	79.6% (51.8–96.8%)			Reference
Intermediate (15 to 30%)	35	41.1% (26.3–60.1%)			0.40 (0.16–0.98)	0.05
High (≥30%)	27	33.8% (18.5–56.5%)			0.28 (0.11–0.77)	0.01
Detection of malaria parasites at routine monthly visits between 2 and 24 months of age*
	n/N		%		PRR (95% CI)	P value
Low (<15%)	25/269		9.29%		Reference
Intermediate (15 to 30%)	56/797		7.03%		0.80 (0.33–1.93)	0.63
High (≥30%)	19/620		3.06%		0.33 (0.13–0.89)	0.03

*By blood smear and/or LAMP.