Table 1. Summary of patient cohorts. Characteristic | Training cohort | Prospective cohort | Total |
Malignant | Benign | Malignant | Benign |
Total cases | 22 | 10 | 82 | 21 | 135 |
Subtypes |
PDAC untreated | 13 | — | 22 | — | 35 |
PDAC neoadjuvant tx | 9 | — | 24 | — | 33 |
IPMN inter/high-grade | — | — | 13 | — | 13 |
NET | — | — | 12 | — | 12 |
Other cancer | — | — | 11 | — | 11 |
Benign cystic tumor | — | — | — | 5 | 5 |
Pancreatitis | — | — | — | 8 | 8 |
Controls | — | 10 | — | 8 | 18 |
Age (years) |
Median | 68 | 48 | 65 | 57 | 63 |
Range | 47–88 | 23–82 | 17–84 | 19–91 | 17–91 |
Sex |
Male | 8 | 4 | 47 | 14 | 73 |
Female | 14 | 1 | 40 | 14 | 69 |
CA 19-9 |
PDAC untreated | 1,148 (1–6,684) | — | 1,006 (1–10,625) | — | 1,064 (1–10,625) |
PDAC neoadjuvant tx | 2,258 (19–17,101) | — | 657 (4–7,730) | — | 1,175 (4–17,101) |
IPMN | — | — | 10.6 (1–26) | — | 10.6 (1–26) |
CEA |
PDAC untreated | 7.0 (2–12) | — | 3.4 (0.6–22.1) | — | 5.0 (0.6–22.1) |
PDAC neoadjuvant tx | 11.0 (1–53) | — | 56.4 (0.7–1,003) | — | 40 (0.7–1,003) |
IPMN | — | — | 2.1 (0.7–3.3) | — | 2.1 (0.7–3.3) |
Stage |
I | 0 | — | 10 | — | 10 |
II | 1 | — | 42 | — | 43 |
III | 5 | — | 5 | — | 10 |
IV | 16 | — | 10 | — | 26 |
Co-therapies PDAC |
Folfirinox/XRT | 4 | — | 21 | — | 25 |
Gemcitabine | 5 | — | 1 | — | 6 |
Other | — | — | 2 | — | 2 |