Half of the infants were HIV-exposed (born to HIV-positive mothers). None of the infants received courses of antibiotics. Only one infant subsequently acquired HIV infection. This mother-infant dyad was excluded from subsequent analyses. N/A, not applicable.
| Infant characteristics | HIV-exposed (n = 25) | HIV-unexposed (n = 25) | P |
| Infant age (days) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 66.6 (44.8) | 71.4 (56.6) | 0.65 |
| Median (IQR) | 48 (33 to 113) | 72 (16 to 96) | |
| Female sex (%) | 13 (52) | 13 (52) | 1.00 |
| Antibiotics (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Weight-for-age z score | |||
| Mean (SD) | −0.9 (1.2) | −1.0 (1.3) | 0.90 |
| Median (IQR) | −1.2 (−1.6 to −0.4) | −0.8 (−1.6 to 0.1) | |
| Weight-for-age z score (%) | |||
| <−1.5 | 7 (28) | 8 (32) | 0.76 |
| ≥−1.5 | 18 (72) | 17 (68) | |
| Length/height-for-age z score | |||
| Mean (SD) | −1.2 (1.6) | −0.6 (1.7) | 0.25 |
| Median (IQR) | −1.4 (−1.8 to 0.0) | −0.1 (−1.0 to 0.5) | |
| Length/height-for-age z score (%) | |||
| <−1.5 | 12 (48) | 5 (20) | 0.037 |
| ≥−1.5 | 13 (52) | 20 (80) | |
| HIV infection (%) | 1 (4) | N/A |