RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 HIV-1 Vaccines and Adaptive Trial Designs JF Science Translational Medicine FD American Association for the Advancement of Science SP 79ps13 OP 79ps13 DO 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001863 VO 3 IS 79 A1 Corey, Lawrence A1 Nabel, Gary J. A1 Dieffenbach, Carl A1 Gilbert, Peter A1 Haynes, Barton F. A1 Johnston, Margaret A1 Kublin, James A1 Lane, H. Clifford A1 Pantaleo, Giuseppe A1 Picker, Louis J. A1 Fauci, Anthony S. YR 2011 UL http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/3/79/79ps13.abstract AB Developing a vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses an exceptional challenge. There are no documented cases of immune-mediated clearance of HIV from an infected individual, and no known correlates of immune protection. Although nonhuman primate models of lentivirus infection have provided valuable data about HIV pathogenesis, such models do not predict HIV vaccine efficacy in humans. The combined lack of a predictive animal model and undefined biomarkers of immune protection against HIV necessitate that vaccines to this pathogen be tested directly in clinical trials. Adaptive clinical trial designs can accelerate vaccine development by rapidly screening out poor vaccines while extending the evaluation of efficacious ones, improving the characterization of promising vaccine candidates and the identification of correlates of immune protection.