Supplementary Materials

The PDF file includes:

• Fig. S1. Higher fecal and serum AhR ligands in NOD/DQ8 mice fed a high-tryptophan diet are associated with greater Lactobacillus abundance.
• Fig. S2. Gluten treatment shifts the gut microbiota composition of NOD/DQ8 mice regardless of diet intervention.
• Fig. S3. Fecal tryptophan and AhR ligand concentrations before and after gluten treatment in NOD/DQ8 mice.
• Fig. S4. Tryptophan supplementation increases AhR ligand concentrations in gluten-treated NOD/DQ8 mouse serum.
• Fig. S5. Expression of AhR pathway genes in C57Bl/6 and NOD/DQ8 mice.
• Fig. S6. Patients with active celiac disease have reduced AhR ligands in stool and increased kynurenine metabolites.
• Fig. S7. Proposed scheme for tryptophan metabolism in the gut of patients with celiac disease.
• Table S1. Composition of low- and high-tryptophan diets.
• Table S2. qPCR primers used for gene expression analysis.
• Table S3. Demographics of the clinical cohort.

[Download PDF]

Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

• Data file S1 (Microsoft Excel format). Individual-level data for all figures.