Chief Scientific Advisors
Garret A. FitzGerald, M.D.
McNeil Professor in Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia PA, USA
Elazer R. Edelman, M.D., Ph.D.
Thomas D. and Virginia W. Cabot Professor of Health Sciences and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge MA, USA
Scientific Advisory Board
Complete List
Associate Scientific Advisory Board
Complete List
Editor-in-Chief, Science Journals
Holden Thorp, Ph.D.
Executive Editor, Science Journals
Monica M. Bradford
Editorial Staff
Orla M. Smith, Ph.D.
Editor, Science Translational Medicine
Education: B.Sc. Zoology, King’s College, University of London; Ph.D. Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London; Post-doctoral research: Medical College of Wisconsin, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Areas of responsibility: Research articles in biomedicine, in particular neurodegenerative disease, neuropsychiatry, infectious disease, microbiome, parasitology, stem cells and regenerative medicine
e-mail: osmith@aaas.org
Melissa Norton, M.D.
Senior Editor
Education: B.A. Biology, Dartmouth College; M.D. Washington University School of Medicine; Residency: Internal medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
Areas of responsibility: Sepsis, muscle diseases, gene therapy, medical genetics, omics, biomarkers, clinical trials
e-mail: mnorton@science-int.co.uk
Caitlin A. Czajka, Ph.D.
Associate Editor
Education: B.S.E. Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh; Ph.D. Biomedical Science, Medical University of South Carolina; Postdoctoral research: University of Pittsburgh
Areas of responsibility: Biomaterials, bioengineering, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, medical devices, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, vascular diseases, neurotechnology
e-mail: cczajka@aaas.org
Catherine A. Charneski, Ph.D.
Associate Editor
Education: B.Sc. Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Bath, UK; Ph.D. Biology, University of Bath, UK; Postdoctoral research: University of Düsseldorf, Germany; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Imperial College, UK
Areas of responsibility: genetics, genomics, systems biology, metabolomics, diabetes, obesity, metabolism, modeling, computational biology
e-mail: ccharneski@aaas.org
Courtney S. Malo, Ph.D.
Associate Editor
Education: B.S. Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina; Ph.D. Biomedical Sciences in Immunology, Mayo Clinic; Postdoctoral research: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH
Areas of responsibility: Immunology, immunotherapy, autoimmunity, allergy, infectious disease, vaccines
e-mail: cmalo@aaas.org
Mattia Maroso, Ph.D.
Associate Editor
Education: B.S. Biotechnology, University of Milan, Italy; Ph.D. Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Postdoctoral research: University of California, Irvine; Stanford University
Areas of responsibility: neurology, neuroscience, epilepsy, stroke, neuroimaging, vision, neuroinflammatory diseases, neural stem cells, neurotechnology, respiratory disorders, fibrosis
e-mail: mmaroso@aaas.org
Scientific Advisory Board Members
James Beeson, MB BS, Ph.D.
Deputy Director and NHMRC Research Fellow
Burnet Institute
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Wolfgang Bergmeier, Ph.D.
Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics
UNC Blood Research Center
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
Sonja M. Best, Ph.D.
Chief, Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD, USA
Bruce Blazar, M.D.
Professor, Department of Pediatrics
Chief, Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, MN, USA
Jeff Bluestone, Ph.D.
Director, UCSF Diabetes Center
San Francisco, CA, USA
Onur Boyman, M.D.
Professor and Chair of Clinical Immunology
University of Zurich
Zurich, SWITZERLAND
Director, Department of Immunology
University Hospital Zurich
Zurich, SWITZERLAND
Christine Brown, Ph.D.
Heritage Provider Network Professor in Immunotherapy
Associate Director, T cell Therapeutics Research Laboratory
City of Hope
Duarte, CA, USA
Tania Bubela, J.D., Ph.D.
Professor and Dean
Faculty of Health Sciences
Simon Fraser University
Burnaby, British Columbia, CANADA
Martine D. Clozel, M.D.
Chief Scientific Officer (CSO)
Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Allschwil, SWITZERLAND
Jacob Corn, Ph.D.
Professor of Genome Biology
Department of Biology
ETH
Zurich, SWITZERLAND
Grégoire Courtine, Ph.D.
Professor, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)
Lausanne, SWITZERLAND
Michele De Palma, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
School of Life Sciences
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
(Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne)
Lausanne, SWITZERLAND
Steven Deeks, M.D.
Professor of Medicine in Residence
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, CA, USA
Sudhansu K. Dey, Ph.D.
Lova Riekert Chair and Professor
Director, Reproductive Sciences
Professor, Division of Developmental Biology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, OH, USA
Harry C. Dietz, M.D.
Professor, Institute of Genetic Medicine
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, MD, USA
Georg N. Duda, Ph.D.
Director, Julius Wolff Institute
Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin
Berlin, GERMANY
Sabine A. Eming, M.D.
Professor, Department of Dermatology
University of Cologne
Cologne, GERMANY
Padraic Fallon, Ph.D, D.Sc.
Professor of Translational Immunology
School of Medicine
Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
Trinity College Dublin
Dublin, IRELAND
Thomas Fehr, M.D.
Professor
University of Zurich
Zurich, SWITZERLAND
Neil Ferguson, Ph.D.
Director
MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis
Imperial College London
London, England, UK
Mark C. Fishman, M.D.
Professor
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA, USA
Scott L. Friedman, M.D.
Dean for Therapeutic Discovery
Professor of Medicine, Liver Diseases, Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, NY, USA
Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, M.D., Ph.D.
Director, Center for Genomic Medicine
Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy
Durham, NC, USA
Mithat Gönen, Ph.D.
Chief, Biostatistics Service
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, NY 10021, USA
Jeffrey I. Gordon, M.D.
Director, Center for Genome Sciences
Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine
St. Louis, MO, USA
J. Timothy Greenamyre, M.D., Ph.D.
Love Family Professor & Vice-Chair of Neurology
Director, Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Frank Harrell Jr., Ph.D.
Chairman
Department of Biostatistics
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, TN, USA
Eric Hoffman, Ph.D.
CEO
Reveragen BioPharma
Rockville, MD, USA
Associate Dean for Research
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Binghamton University – SUNY
Binghamton, NY, USA
Elaine Holmes, Ph.D.
Professor of Chemical Biology
Imperial College London
London, England, UK
David Holtzman, M.D.
Andrew B. and Gretchen P. Jones Professor and Chairman of Neurology
Professor of Developmental Biology, Associate Director of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Member of the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, MO, USA
Kenya Honda, M.D. Ph.D.
Professor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Keio University School of Medicine
Tokyo, JAPAN
Gökhan S. Hotamisligil, M.D., Ph.D.
James S. Simmons Professor of Genetics & Metabolism
Chair, Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases
Harvard University, School of Public Health
Boston, MA, USA
Steven E. Hyman, M.D.
Provost, Harvard University
Professor of Neurobiology
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, USA
Carl H. June, M.D.
Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Stephen F. Kingsmore, MB, ChB, BAO, DSc, FRCPath
President and CEO
Rady Pediatric Genomic and Systems Medicine Institute
San Diego, CA, USA
Frank Klawonn, Ph.D.
Department of Biostatistics
Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research
Braunschweig, GERMANY
Marina Konopleva, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor and Chief
Section of Leukemia Biology Research, Department of Leukemia
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, TX, USA
Robert Langer, Ph.D.
Institute Professor
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT
Cambridge, MA, USA
Elizabeth M. McNally, M.D., Ph.D.
Ward Professor and Director
Center for Genetic Medicine
Northwestern University
Chicago, IL, USA
Lisa M. McShane, Ph.D.
Mathematical Statistician
National Cancer Institute
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD, USA
Bernard Munos, MBA, M.S.
Founder
InnoThink Center for Research in Biomedical Innovation
Indianapolis, IN, USA
Gary Nabel, M.D., Ph.D.
Senior Vice President, Chief Scientific Officer
Sanofi-Aventis
Cambridge, MA, USA
Carl Nathan, M.D.
R. A. Rees Pritchett Professor of Microbiology and Chair
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Weill Cornell Medicine
New York, NY, USA
Markus Neurath, M.D.
Chair of Internal Medicine
University Hospital Erlangen
Erlangen, GERMANY
Nickolas Papadopoulos, Ph.D.
Professor, Oncology and Pathology
Director of Translational Genetics
Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics & Therapeutics
The Johns Hopkins Institutions
Baltimore, MD, USA
Leonard Petrucelli, Ph.D.
Chair and Ralph B. and Ruth K. Abrams Professor
Department of Neuroscience
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Jacksonville, FL, USA
Kornelia Polyak, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, USA
Glenn Prestwich, Ph.D.
Presidential Professor of Medicinal Chemistry
Presidential Special Assistant and Director, Entrepreneurial Faculty Scholars
The University of Utah
Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Rino Rappuoli, Ph.D.
Global Head of Vaccines Research
Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics
Siena, ITALY
Daniel G. Remick, M.D.
Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, MA 02118, USA
Jeremy N. Rich, M.D., MHS, MBA
Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine
Director, Neuro-Oncology
Director, Brain Tumor Institute
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, CA, USA
José-Alain Sahel, M.D.
Professor of Ophthalmology
Pierre and Marie Curie University
Chairman, Department of Opthalmology
National Eye Hospital
Director, Vision Institute
INSERM-UPMC
Paris, FRANCE
Professor and Chairman
Department of Ophthalmology
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Alan R. Saltiel, Ph.D.
Professor of Medicine
Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute
University of California, San Diego School of Medicine
La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Helen Scharfman, Ph.D.
Professor
Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Physiology and Neuroscience, and Psychiatry
New York University Neuroscience Institute
New York University Langone Health
New York, NY, USA
Senior Research Scientist
Center for Dementia Research
The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
Orangeburg, NY, USA
Nicholas Schiff, M.D.
Jerold B. Katz Professor of Neurology and Neuroscience
Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute
Weill Cornell Medical College
New York, NY 10065, USA
Padmanee Sharma, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor
Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Immunology
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, TX, USA
Fu-Dong Shi, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor and Chair
Department of Neurology
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
Tianjin, CHINA
Chief Neurologist
Department of Neuroimmunology
Beijing Tiantan Hospital
Capital Medical University
Beijing, CHINA
Gerald I. Shulman, M.D., Ph.D.
George R. Cowgill Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology)
Professor of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Yale University
New Haven, CT, USA
Bin Tean Teh, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor
Duke-NUS Medical School
SINGAPORE
Deputy Director (Research)
National Cancer Centre of Singapore
SINGAPORE
Eric J. Topol, M.D.
Director
Scripps Translational Science Institute
La Jolla, CA, USA
Livio Trusolino, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Histology
Department of Oncology
University of Torino School of Medicine
Candiolo Cancer Institute – IRCCS
Turin, ITALY
Matthias von Herrath, M.D
Professor
La Jolla institute for Immunology
La Jolla, CA, USA
Vice President and Senior Medical Officer
Novo Nordisk
Copenhagen, DENMARK
Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, Ph.D.
Mikati Foundation Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Sciences
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Columbia University
New York, NY, USA
Ralph Weissleder, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor & Director of the Center for Systems Biology
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, USA
David S. Wilkes, M.D.
Dean, School of Medicine
James Carroll Flippin Professor of Medical Science
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville, VA, USA
Tadataka (Tachi) Yamada, M.D.
Senior Executive in Residence
Frazier Healthcare
Seattle, WA, USA
Keith R. Yamamoto, Ph.D.
Vice Chancellor for Research
Executive Vice Dean, School of Medicine
Professor, Departments of Cellular/Molecular Pharmacology and Biochemistry/Biophysics
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, CA, USA
Elias Zerhouni, M.D.
President
Global Research and Development
Sanofi-Aventis
Paris, FRANCE
Associate Scientific Advisors
Science Translational Medicine is pleased to welcome our eighth group of Associate Scientific Advisors. These 24 early-career translational scientists will serve for a period of 1 year. In addition to acting as advisors for the journal, these scientists will scan the literature weekly and select and summarize research papers to be highlighted in our Editors' Choice section. Each Associate Advisor will have ~7 of their articles appear in Science Translational Medicine over the coming year. View our previous Associate Scientific Advisors.
Associate Scientific Advisors 2020
Carlos Andres Aguilar, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cellular and Molecular Biology
University of Michigan – Ann Arbor
Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Raag Airan, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology (Neuroradiology)
Stanford University
Stanford, CA, USA
James A. Ankrum, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering
Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center
University of Iowa
Iowa City, IA, USA
Justin T. Baca, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, NM, USA
Allison C. Billi, M.D., Ph.D.
Clinical Lecturer and Research Fellow
Department of Dermatology
University of Michigan – Ann Arbor
Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Albert A. (Gus) Davis, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Neurology
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, MO, USA
Iwijn De Vlaminck, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY, USA
Emmie de Wit, Ph.D.
Chief, Molecular Pathogenesis Unit
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Hamilton, MT, USA
Emily J. Gallagher, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease
Department of Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, NY, USA
Chiara Giannarelli, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Medicine (Cardiology)
Assistant Professor of Genetics and Genomic Sciences
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, NY, USA
Bence György, M.D., Ph.D.
Head of Clinical Translation
Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel
Basel, Switzerland, USA
Jennifer M. Hurley, Ph.D.
Richard Baruch M.D. Career Development Assistant Professor
Department of Biological Sciences
Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Troy, NY, USA
Ecaterina Ileana-Dumbrava, M.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, TX, USA
Christopher G. Kanakry, M.D.
Lasker Clinical Research Scholar/Tenure-Track Investigator
National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, MD, USA
Steven P. Keller, M.D., Ph.D.
Instructor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, USA
Ramakrishna Kommagani, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, MO, USA
Gerald P. Morris, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Pathology
University of California San Diego
La Jolla, CA, USA
Girish Nadkarni, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Clinical Director of Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health
Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai
New York, NY, USA
Ellen T. Roche, Ph.D., B. Med.Sci, M.Sc.
Assistant Professor
Institute for Medical Engineering and Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA, USA
Christopher B. Rodell, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
School of Biomedical Engineering, Health, and Science Systems
Drexel University
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Shaon Sengupta M.D., M.P.H.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Lewis Zhichang Shi, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology & Microbiology, Program in Immunology
University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine
University of Alabama Comprehensive Cancer Center
Birmingham, AL, USA
Jennifer S. Stevens, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Emory University
Atlanta, GA, USA
Jan Van den Bossche, Ph.D.
Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology
Amsterdam UMC, Vrij Universiteit Medical Center
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Priyathama Vellanki, M.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, GA, USA
Xinyi Su, MBBChir, Ph.D., MMed
Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore
Consultant, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital
Principal Investigator, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR
Clinician Scientist, Singapore Eye Research Institute
Singapore
Ioannis Zervantonakis, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Bioengineering
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
UPMC Hillman Cancer Center
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Previous Associate Scientific Advisors
View archived lists of our Associate Scientific Advisors.
Editorial Staff Biographical Sketches
Orla M. Smith, Ph.D.
Orla M. Smith is the Editor of Science Translational Medicine. She comes to this position from the journal Cell, where she was the founding Editor of the Leading Edge section with responsibility for all front end content, the popular SnapShot format and the Cell podcast. Prior to her time at Cell, Orla was Biology Perspectives Editor at Science where she also handled and edited manuscripts on neurodegenerative disease research. She began her career in scientific publishing as News and Views Editor at the journal Nature Medicine. Orla has a Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London, and did postdoctoral work on the cell and molecular biology of stem cells at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions in Baltimore, Maryland.
Competing interests: Orla M. Smith has no financial or management interests in any biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical device or medical bioengineering companies or other institutions.
Melissa Norton, M.D.
Melissa Norton is a Senior Editor at Science Translational Medicine. She studied biology at Dartmouth College and went on to receive her M.D. from Washington University in St. Louis. She completed a residency in internal medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis and worked as a hospitalist at St. Johns Mercy Medical Center. After moving to England in 2005, Melissa joined BioMed Central as Medical Editor of the BMC series, and then became Editor-in-Chief of the series. She then moved to PLOS Medicine, where she served as Deputy Editor.
Competing interests: Melissa Norton has no financial or management interests in any biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical device or medical bioengineering companies or other institutions.
Caitlin A. Czajka, Ph.D.
Caitlin A. Czajka is an Associate Editor at Science Translational Medicine. She holds her B.S.E. in Bioengineering from the University of Pittsburgh and her Ph.D. in Biomedical Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology - Cardiovascular Biology from the Medical University of South Carolina. She completed her postdoctoral research at the University of Pittsburgh Vascular Medicine Institute prior to joining Science Translational Medicine.
Competing interests: Caitlin A. Czajka has no financial or management interests in any biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical device, or medical bioengineering companies or other institutions.
Catherine A. Charneski, Ph.D.
Catherine Charneski is an Associate Editor at Science Translational Medicine. She received her Ph.D. in Biology with a focus on functional genomics from the University of Bath, UK. Catherine then did postdoctoral research on the systems biology of cellular metabolism and its regulation at the University of Düsseldorf, Germany, and as a Career Development Fellow at MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Imperial College, UK.
Competing interests: Catherine A. Charneski has no financial or management interests in any biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical device, or medical bioengineering companies or other institutions.
Courtney S. Malo, Ph.D.
Courtney Malo is an Associate Editor at Science Translational Medicine. She received her Ph.D. in the Biomedical Sciences from the Mayo Clinic for her thesis research on T cell immunity in the central nervous system. Prior to joining Science Translational Medicine, Courtney completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the NIH studying the spatial dynamics of immune cells in the lymph node following viral infections.
Competing interests: Courtney Malo has no financial or management interests in any biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical device, or medical bioengineering companies or other institutions.
Mattia Maroso, Ph.D.
Mattia Maroso is an Associate Editor at Science Translational Medicine. He received his Ph.D. in Neuroscience from the University of Amsterdam for his studies on the role of inflammation in temporal lobe epilepsy. He was then awarded a postdoctoral fellowship from the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) and completed his postdoctoral research working on the role of cannabinoid signaling in learning and memory at the University of California, Irvine and at Stanford University prior to joining Science Translational Medicine.
Competing interests: Mattia Maroso has no financial or management interests in any biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical device, or medical bioengineering companies or other institutions.
