Contents
23 March 2016
Vol 8, Issue 331
Vol 8, Issue 331
Contents
Editorial
- Funding unfunded NIH research applications
A new public-private partnership with the NIH hopes to address the surplus of high-quality biomedical research applications that merit funding.
Focus
- Metabolic control of arthritis: Switch pathways to treat
A shunting of glucose metabolism to the pentose phosphate pathway in rheumatoid arthritis T cells causes exhaustion of oxidants, enhanced cell proliferation, and differentiation toward the T helper 1 (TH1) and TH17 programs (Yang et al., this issue).
Research Articles
- Restoring oxidant signaling suppresses proarthritogenic T cell effector functions in rheumatoid arthritis
ROS deficiency promotes proinflammatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis.
- Targeted fibrillar nanocarbon RNAi treatment of acute kidney injury
Fibrillar carbon nanotubes simultaneously deliver two small interfering RNAs, which safely prevent acute kidney injury and prolong survival in mice.
- Arginase-1–dependent promotion of TH17 differentiation and disease progression by MDSCs in systemic lupus erythematosus
MDSCs promote TH17 differentiation and systemic lupus erythematosus via arginase-1 production in patients and humanized mice.
- Targeting protein homeostasis in sporadic inclusion body myositis
Augmenting the heat shock response with arimoclomol ameliorates pathology in cellular and animal models of inclusion body myositis.
Editors' Choice
- Limited diversity sparks inflammation at the mucosal border
Immunodeficiency in Omenn syndrome promotes microbiota-driven inflammation that can be controlled by antibiotics.
- One step closer to shining light in humans?
Optogenetics can now be applied to the large brains of nonhuman primates, bringing this technology one step closer to translation to humans.
- A cage for pathogens
A choline and geranate solvent acts as a broad-spectrum antiseptic to wipe out even the most vexing microbial infections.
- Repurposing exosomes: The (magnetic) force awakens
Exosomes can be equipped with magnetism and drugs as anticancer strategies.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Interfering with kidney injury. In this issue, Alidori and colleagues saddled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with small interfering RNAs targeting two genes that play a role in kidney injury: p53 and meprin-1β. The functionalized CNTs naturally trafficked through mouse kidneys, delivering their RNA cargo and silencing the harmful pathways that are turned on in response to renal injury caused by toxic drugs; in this case, the common chemotherapeutic, cisplatin. The CNTs were also safe in monkeys. [CREDIT: C. BICKEL/SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]