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Research ArticleDiabetes
Plasmid-Encoded Proinsulin Preserves C-Peptide While Specifically Reducing Proinsulin-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes
- Bart O. Roep1,*,
- Nanette Solvason2,3,*,
- Peter A. Gottlieb4,*,
- Joana R. F. Abreu1,
- Leonard C. Harrison5,
- George S. Eisenbarth4,†,
- Liping Yu4,
- Michael Leviten2,
- William A. Hagopian6,
- John B. Buse7,
- Matthias von Herrath8,
- Joanne Quan2,
- Robert S. King2,
- William H. Robinson2,9,10,‡,
- Paul J. Utz2,9,10,
- Hideki Garren2,10,
- The BHT-3021 Investigators§ and
- Lawrence Steinman2,9,10,‡
- 1Department for Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
- 2Bayhill Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- 3Foothill College, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
- 4Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO 80045–6511, USA.
- 5Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
- 6Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute and University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
- 7Diabetes Center for Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- 8La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- 9Departments of Medicine and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- 10Tolerion Inc., 321 Dedalera Drive, Portola Valley, CA, USA.
- ↵‡Corresponding author. E-mail: steinman{at}stanford.edu (L.S.); wrobins{at}stanford.edu (W.H.R.)
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↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.
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↵† Deceased.
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↵§ United States: P. Gottlieb, Denver, CO; J. Skyler, Miami, FL; R. Hays, Wellington, FL; F. Ovalle, Birmingham, AL; V. Aroda/R. Ratner, Washington, DC; J. Berg/M. Kipnes, San Antonio, TX; L. Zemel, Denver, CO; M. Rendell, Omaha, NE; P. Norwood, Fresno, CA; P. Raskin, Dallas, TX. Australia/New Zealand: P. Colman, Melbourne; M. Gerstman, Victoria; T. Davis, Fremantle; V. Heazlewood, Queensland; J. Baker, Auckland; P. Dunn, Hamilton; R. Scott, Christchurch; J. Krebs, Wellington. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00453375.
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Science Translational Medicine 26 Jun 2013:
Vol. 5, Issue 191, pp. 191ra82
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006103
Vol. 5, Issue 191, pp. 191ra82
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006103
Bart O. Roep
1Department for Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
Nanette Solvason
2Bayhill Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
3Foothill College, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
Peter A. Gottlieb
4Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO 80045–6511, USA.
Joana R. F. Abreu
1Department for Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.
Leonard C. Harrison
5Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
George S. Eisenbarth
4Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO 80045–6511, USA.
Liping Yu
4Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO 80045–6511, USA.
Michael Leviten
2Bayhill Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
William A. Hagopian
6Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute and University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
John B. Buse
7Diabetes Center for Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Matthias von Herrath
8La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Joanne Quan
2Bayhill Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Robert S. King
2Bayhill Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
William H. Robinson
2Bayhill Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
9Departments of Medicine and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
10Tolerion Inc., 321 Dedalera Drive, Portola Valley, CA, USA.
Paul J. Utz
2Bayhill Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
9Departments of Medicine and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
10Tolerion Inc., 321 Dedalera Drive, Portola Valley, CA, USA.
Hideki Garren
2Bayhill Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
10Tolerion Inc., 321 Dedalera Drive, Portola Valley, CA, USA.
Lawrence Steinman
2Bayhill Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
9Departments of Medicine and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
10Tolerion Inc., 321 Dedalera Drive, Portola Valley, CA, USA.
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