Early to treat, early to thrive
Timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for HIV can influence viral reservoir seeding and also the immune response, but this has not been well characterized in neonatal HIV infection. To discern how ART affects neonates, Garcia-Broncano et al. longitudinally studied infants from Botswana who were placed on ART hours or months after birth. They discovered that early initiation of therapy reduces seeding of the viral reservoir and also modulated NK cell and T cell responses to HIV. Their results show that immediate ART initiation, even earlier than the current guidelines of a few weeks, could provide real benefit to infants with HIV.
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