Cotrimoxazole reduces systemic inflammation in HIV infection by altering the gut microbiome and immune activation

Claire D. Bourke; Ethan K. Gough; Godfrey Pimundu; Annie Shonhai; Chipo Berejena; Louise Terry; Lucas Baumard; Naheed Choudhry; Yusuf Karmali; Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi; Victor Musiime; Joseph Lutaakome; Adeodata Kekitiinwa; Kuda Mutasa; Alexander J. Szubert; Moira J. Spyer; Jane R. Deayton; Magdalena Glass; Hyun Min Geum; Claire Pardieu; Diana M. Gibb; Nigel Klein; Thaddeus J. Edens; A. Sarah Walker; Amee R. Manges; Andrew J. Prendergast

doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aav0537

Research ArticleHIV

Cotrimoxazole reduces systemic inflammation in HIV infection by altering the gut microbiome and immune activation

Claire D. Bourke ¹,*,†,
Ethan K. Gough ²,†,‡,
Godfrey Pimundu³,
Annie Shonhai⁴,
Chipo Berejena⁴,
Louise Terry⁵,
Lucas Baumard¹,
Naheed Choudhry¹,
Yusuf Karmali¹,
Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi⁴,
Victor Musiime³,⁶,
Joseph Lutaakome⁷,
Adeodata Kekitiinwa⁸,
Kuda Mutasa⁹,
Alexander J. Szubert¹⁰,
Moira J. Spyer¹⁰,
Jane R. Deayton¹,⁵,
Magdalena Glass²,§,
Hyun Min Geum²,
Claire Pardieu¹,
Diana M. Gibb¹⁰,
Nigel Klein¹¹,
Thaddeus J. Edens¹²,
A. Sarah Walker¹⁰,
Amee R. Manges²,|| and
Andrew J. Prendergast ¹,⁹,¹⁰,||

¹Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
²School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
³Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
⁴College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
⁵Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK.
⁶College of Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
⁷Uganda Virus Research Institute/MRC Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda.
⁸Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation—Uganda, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
⁹Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.
¹⁰MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
¹¹UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
¹²Devil’s Staircase Consulting, West Vancouver, British Columbia V7T 1V7, Canada.

↵*Corresponding author. Email: c.bourke{at}qmul.ac.uk

↵† These authors contributed equally to this work.
↵‡ Present address: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
↵§ Present address: Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada.
↵|| These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Science Translational Medicine 03 Apr 2019:
Vol. 11, Issue 486, eaav0537
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav0537

Claire D. Bourke

1Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.

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For correspondence: c.bourke@qmul.ac.uk

Ethan K. Gough

2School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.

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Godfrey Pimundu

3Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda.

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Annie Shonhai

4College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.

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Chipo Berejena

4College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.

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Louise Terry

5Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK.

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Lucas Baumard

1Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.

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Naheed Choudhry

1Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.

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Yusuf Karmali

1Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.

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Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi

4College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.

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Victor Musiime

3Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda.

6College of Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

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Joseph Lutaakome

7Uganda Virus Research Institute/MRC Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda.

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Adeodata Kekitiinwa

8Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation—Uganda, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.

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Kuda Mutasa

9Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.

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Alexander J. Szubert

10MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.

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Moira J. Spyer

10MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.

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Jane R. Deayton

1Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.

5Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK.

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Magdalena Glass

2School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.

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Hyun Min Geum

2School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.

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Claire Pardieu

1Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.

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Diana M. Gibb

10MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.

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Nigel Klein

11UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.

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Thaddeus J. Edens

12Devil’s Staircase Consulting, West Vancouver, British Columbia V7T 1V7, Canada.

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A. Sarah Walker

10MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.

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Amee R. Manges

2School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.

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Andrew J. Prendergast

1Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.

9Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.

10MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.

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