Contents
03 April 2019
Vol 11, Issue 486
Vol 11, Issue 486
Research Articles
- Mucus accumulation in the lungs precedes structural changes and infection in children with cystic fibrosis
Increased airway mucus, occurs before infection or structural lung disease in early cystic fibrosis and promotes inflammation.
- Stress-activated miR-204 governs senescent phenotypes of chondrocytes to promote osteoarthritis development
Senescence-induced miR-204 alters the proteoglycan biosynthesis pathway and disrupts matrix homeostasis in osteoarthritic cartilage.
- Elastin imaging enables noninvasive staging and treatment monitoring of kidney fibrosis
Elastin-specific MRI allows quantitative and longitudinal renal fibrosis assessment and monitoring of treatment efficacy.
- Cotrimoxazole reduces systemic inflammation in HIV infection by altering the gut microbiome and immune activation
Cotrimoxazole reduces systemic and intestinal inflammation in HIV infection by suppressing gut-resident Streptococci and immune cell activation.
- Using fMRI connectivity to define a treatment-resistant form of post-traumatic stress disorder
A subgroup of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, characterized by a particular brain and behavioral signature, showed a poor treatment outcome.
Editors' Choice
- A window of opportunity for immune imprinting
Host immune responses during a short weaning period determine susceptibility to inflammatory pathologies later in life.
- JAK-ing up antibody delivery to cancer
The pan-JAK inhibitor tofacitinib improves the delivery of therapeutic antibodies in cancer.
- Metastasis: Don’t stress it!
Stress hormones promote breast cancer metastasis to lung.
- Good vibrations to treat inflammatory arthritis
Ultrasound stimulation of the vagus nerve via the spleen triggers the neural-immune reflex to dampen inflammatory arthritis.
Erratum
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER A Smear Campaign. This image depicts an insoluble mucus flake with interspersed inflammatory cells recovered from a child with cystic fibrosis (CF). In patients with CF, airway abnormalities develop early in life and lead to irreversible damage. To elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease, Esther et al. analyzed bronchioalveolar lavage fluid and computed tomography images from children with CF. They found that accumulation of insoluble mucus flakes preceded structural lung alterations and bacterial infection. Early treatment with a mucolytic agent improved lung function in a sheep model of CF, suggesting that preventing mucus accumulation might be an effective strategy for treating early stage CF. [CREDIT: ESTHER ET AL./SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]