A digital microfluidic system for serological immunoassays in remote settings

Alphonsus H. C. Ng; Ryan Fobel; Christian Fobel; Julian Lamanna; Darius G. Rackus; Aimee Summers; Christopher Dixon; Michael D. M. Dryden; Charis Lam; Man Ho; Nooman S. Mufti; Victor Lee; Mohd Afiq Mohd Asri; Edward A. Sykes; M. Dean Chamberlain; Rachael Joseph; Maurice Ope; Heather M. Scobie; Alaine Knipes; Paul A. Rota; Nina Marano; Paul M. Chege; Mary Njuguna; Rosemary Nzunza; Ngina Kisangau; John Kiogora; Michael Karuingi; John Wagacha Burton; Peter Borus; Eugene Lam; Aaron R. Wheeler

doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aar6076

Research ArticleDiagnostics

A digital microfluidic system for serological immunoassays in remote settings

Alphonsus H. C. Ng¹,²,*,†,
Ryan Fobel¹,²,*,
Christian Fobel¹,²,*,
Julian Lamanna¹,²,*,
Darius G. Rackus¹,²,*,
Aimee Summers³,
Christopher Dixon¹,
Michael D. M. Dryden¹,
Charis Lam¹,
Man Ho¹,²,
Nooman S. Mufti²,⁴,
Victor Lee²,
Mohd Afiq Mohd Asri²,
Edward A. Sykes¹,²,
M. Dean Chamberlain¹,²,
Rachael Joseph⁵,
Maurice Ope⁵,
Heather M. Scobie⁶,
Alaine Knipes³,
Paul A. Rota⁷,
Nina Marano⁸,
Paul M. Chege⁹,
Mary Njuguna⁹,
Rosemary Nzunza⁹,
Ngina Kisangau⁹,
John Kiogora¹⁰,
Michael Karuingi¹⁰,
John Wagacha Burton¹¹,
Peter Borus¹²,
Eugene Lam³,‡ and
Aaron R. Wheeler¹,²,⁴,§

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
²Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.
³Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
⁴Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.
⁵Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Complex, P.O. Box 606-00621, Mbagathi Road Off Mbagathi Way, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁶Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
⁷Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
⁸Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
⁹Kenya Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 30016–00100, Afya House, Cathedral Road, Nairobi, Kenya.
¹⁰International Rescue Committee, P.O. Box 62727, Galana Plaza, 4th Floor Galana Road, Kilimani, Nairobi, Kenya.
¹¹Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, P.O. Box 43801-00100, Lynwood Court, Off Waiyaki Way, Westland, Nairobi, Kenya.
¹²KEMRI, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Off Mbagathi Road, Nairobi, Kenya.

↵§Corresponding author. Email: aaron.wheeler{at}utoronto.ca

↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.
↵† Present address: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
↵‡ Present address: Division of Health Emergencies and Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.

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Science Translational Medicine 25 Apr 2018:
Vol. 10, Issue 438, eaar6076
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar6076

Alphonsus H. C. Ng

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Ryan Fobel

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Christian Fobel

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Julian Lamanna

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Darius G. Rackus

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Aimee Summers

Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.

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Christopher Dixon

Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.

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Michael D. M. Dryden

Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.

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Charis Lam

Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.

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Man Ho

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Nooman S. Mufti

Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.

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Victor Lee

Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.

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Mohd Afiq Mohd Asri

Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.

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Edward A. Sykes

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M. Dean Chamberlain

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Rachael Joseph

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Complex, P.O. Box 606-00621, Mbagathi Road Off Mbagathi Way, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya.

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Maurice Ope

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Complex, P.O. Box 606-00621, Mbagathi Road Off Mbagathi Way, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya.

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Heather M. Scobie

Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.

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Alaine Knipes

Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.

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Paul A. Rota

Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.

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Nina Marano

Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.

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Paul M. Chege

Kenya Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 30016–00100, Afya House, Cathedral Road, Nairobi, Kenya.

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Mary Njuguna

Kenya Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 30016–00100, Afya House, Cathedral Road, Nairobi, Kenya.

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Rosemary Nzunza

Kenya Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 30016–00100, Afya House, Cathedral Road, Nairobi, Kenya.

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Ngina Kisangau

Kenya Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 30016–00100, Afya House, Cathedral Road, Nairobi, Kenya.

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John Kiogora

International Rescue Committee, P.O. Box 62727, Galana Plaza, 4th Floor Galana Road, Kilimani, Nairobi, Kenya.

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Michael Karuingi

International Rescue Committee, P.O. Box 62727, Galana Plaza, 4th Floor Galana Road, Kilimani, Nairobi, Kenya.

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John Wagacha Burton

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, P.O. Box 43801-00100, Lynwood Court, Off Waiyaki Way, Westland, Nairobi, Kenya.

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Peter Borus

KEMRI, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Off Mbagathi Road, Nairobi, Kenya.

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Eugene Lam

Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.

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Aaron R. Wheeler

Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.

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For correspondence: aaron.wheeler@utoronto.ca

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