Contents
21 March 2018
Vol 10, Issue 433
Vol 10, Issue 433
Research Articles
- An OX40/OX40L interaction directs successful immunity to hepatitis B virus
Effective immunity and therapeutic targets are identified with a model of hepatitis B virus clearance and persistence.
- Evaluation of liquid from the Papanicolaou test and other liquid biopsies for the detection of endometrial and ovarian cancers
Endometrial and ovarian cancers can be detected through the analysis of DNA from Pap test fluids, intrauterine samples, and plasma.
- Vaccine waning and mumps re-emergence in the United States
The estimated waning rate of vaccine-conferred immunity against mumps predicts changes in the ages of U.S. mumps cases seen over the past five decades.
- Extended release of perioperative immunotherapy prevents tumor recurrence and eliminates metastases
Prolonged perioperative delivery of immunotherapy prevents local tumor recurrence and eliminates established spontaneous metastases.
Technical Comment
- Comment on “Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans–induced hypercitrullination links periodontal infection to autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis”
The link between rheumatoid arthritis and exposure to a bacterial toxin was not found in a population of rheumatoid arthritis patients from Netherlands.
Technical Response
- Response to comment on “Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans–induced hypercitrullination links periodontal infection to autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis”
Antibodies to leukotoxin A are markers that link Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans–associated periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Editors' Choice
- Don’t forget about me! Viral-host metabolic interactions in the microbiome
Viruses present in the human microbiome produce peptides homologous to human insulin/insulin-like growth factors that may influence host metabolic pathways.
- An EVolving approach to directed enzyme prodrug therapy for cancer
Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy for cancer is made more specific via targeted extracellular vesicle-mediated mRNA delivery.
- Go with the flow: Cerebrovascular reactivity as a therapeutic target for TBI symptoms
Sildenafil improves cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may ameliorate lingering symptoms.
Erratum
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER OX40 Takes HBV by the Horns. Unlike adults, infants exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) are unable to clear the virus and become chronically infected. Publicover and colleagues used a mouse model of age-dependent HBV immunity and patient samples to dissect the mechanisms underlying immune responses. They discovered that the T cell stimulatory molecule OX40 (represented by these oxen) was crucial for viral control. The OX40 pathway was inactive in young mice and human infants infected with HBV. Their results suggest that boosting OX40 in chronically-infected individuals could potentially lead to productive anti-viral immunity. [CREDIT: NUTT PRATHUANGMAS/ISTOCKPHOTO]